Polity Bites
Adult Franchise
In democratic countries, all adult citizens satisfying a particular age criteria have the right to vote irrespective of caste, creed, colour, religion or gender.For USA and Russia, the age is 18 years. For India, it was reduced from 21 to 18 years by 61st constitutional amendment act.
By-election
A mid-term election to fill up one or more constituencies which have become vacant due to resignation or death before completion of term of a minister.
Buffer State
State located between two hostile states. The buffer state plays a neutral role and prevents armed hostilities between the hostile states. Eg Nepal is buffer state between India and China.
Embargo
Imposing restrictions on the movement of ships of other countries by a country in her territorial seas and harbors.
It is imposed during war against ships of enemy countries.
Impeachment
Provision of removing important public officials from their office by passing resolution to that effect by the Parliament(2/3rd majority) Eg: Judges of Supreme court, President
Lame duck session
Last session of the existing parliament when the elections to the new Parliament are announced. MPs who cannot find place in new parliament are called Lame Duck.
Leftists
Political groups who hold ideas of communism and radical ideas towards the change and development of the society. This term originated in France when political leaders who supported radical changes in economic and political structure were sitting on left side in General Assembly(French Revolution).
Manifesto
Refers to a document of the political parties, listing their policies, programme and their achievements. It is released to the general public before the general election.
Martial Law
Giving absolute power of the government in hands of single person, generally the general of army. It establishes the military rule by leaving aside constitutional norms.
Quorum
Required presence of the minimum number of members of a body to hold its meetings or conducting its business.
It is 1/10 of all members of the parliament. In absence of quorum, meeting is adjourned and no business is conducted.
Referendum
Refers to an official voting in which people are required to vote in favour of or against the government(Y or No).
Secularism
The state doesnot foster any particular religion. All religions are treated equally(Sarva Dharma Sambhava)
Bicameral legislature
The state having both legislative assembly(Vidhan Sabha) and Legislative Council(Vidhan Parishad). It is present in 7 states: Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, J&K, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, UP
Unicameral legislature: State having only legislative assembly
Concept of Bicameral Legislature originated in Great Britain
In democratic countries, all adult citizens satisfying a particular age criteria have the right to vote irrespective of caste, creed, colour, religion or gender.For USA and Russia, the age is 18 years. For India, it was reduced from 21 to 18 years by 61st constitutional amendment act.
By-election
A mid-term election to fill up one or more constituencies which have become vacant due to resignation or death before completion of term of a minister.
Buffer State
State located between two hostile states. The buffer state plays a neutral role and prevents armed hostilities between the hostile states. Eg Nepal is buffer state between India and China.
Embargo
Imposing restrictions on the movement of ships of other countries by a country in her territorial seas and harbors.
It is imposed during war against ships of enemy countries.
Impeachment
Provision of removing important public officials from their office by passing resolution to that effect by the Parliament(2/3rd majority) Eg: Judges of Supreme court, President
Lame duck session
Last session of the existing parliament when the elections to the new Parliament are announced. MPs who cannot find place in new parliament are called Lame Duck.
Leftists
Political groups who hold ideas of communism and radical ideas towards the change and development of the society. This term originated in France when political leaders who supported radical changes in economic and political structure were sitting on left side in General Assembly(French Revolution).
Manifesto
Refers to a document of the political parties, listing their policies, programme and their achievements. It is released to the general public before the general election.
Martial Law
Giving absolute power of the government in hands of single person, generally the general of army. It establishes the military rule by leaving aside constitutional norms.
Quorum
Required presence of the minimum number of members of a body to hold its meetings or conducting its business.
It is 1/10 of all members of the parliament. In absence of quorum, meeting is adjourned and no business is conducted.
Referendum
Refers to an official voting in which people are required to vote in favour of or against the government(Y or No).
Secularism
The state doesnot foster any particular religion. All religions are treated equally(Sarva Dharma Sambhava)
Bicameral legislature
The state having both legislative assembly(Vidhan Sabha) and Legislative Council(Vidhan Parishad). It is present in 7 states: Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, J&K, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, UP
Unicameral legislature: State having only legislative assembly
Concept of Bicameral Legislature originated in Great Britain
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